S. M. Carpenter, Ingrid C. Burke, and William K. Lauenroth. 2022. Abiotic vs. biotic controls on big sagebrush plant communities. Ecological Society of America Conference.
Milligan, P. D., T. A. Martin, G. P. John, C. Riginos, J. R. Goheen, S. M. Carpenter, and T. M. Palmer. 2021. Mutualism disruption by an invasive ant reduces carbon fixation for a foundational East African ant-plant. Ecology Letters 24:1052–1062.
Palmer, T. M., C. Riginos, P. D. Milligan, B. R. Hays, A. G. Pietrek, N. J. Maiyo, S. Mutisya, B. Gituku, S. Musila, S. M. Carpenter, and J. R. Goheen. 2020. Frenemy at the gate: Invasion by Pheidole megacephala facilitates a competitively subordinate plant ant in Kenya. Ecology 102:e03230.
Carpenter Ecology 